Classification of pumps

Classification of pumps

(A) working principle

1) The working principle can be divided into blade type, volume type and other forms.

①Vane pump, relying on the dynamic effect of the rotating impeller on the liquid, continuously transfers the energy to the liquid to increase the kinetic energy (mainly) and pressure energy of the liquid, and then converts the kinetic energy into pressure energy through the extrusion chamber. Divided into centrifugal pump, axial flow pump, partial flow pump and vortex pump.

② Positive displacement pump relies on the periodic change of the volume of the sealed working space containing the liquid, and periodically transfers energy to the liquid, so that the pressure of the liquid is increased to force the liquid to be discharged. According to the movement form of the working element, it can be divided into reciprocating pumps. And rotary pumps.

③ Other types of pumps transfer energy in other forms. For example, the jet pump relies on the high-speed spraying working fluid to mix the fluid to be pumped into the pump and exchange momentum to transfer energy; the water hammer pump uses part of the water flowing during braking to be raised to a certain height to transfer energy; the electromagnetic pump is used to make The liquid metal that is energized generates flow under the effect of electromagnetic force to achieve transportation. In addition, pumps can also be classified by the nature of the liquid being transported, the method of driving, the structure, the use, etc.


2) Classified by the number of working impellers

① Single-stage pump: that is, there is only one impeller on the pump shaft.

② Multi-stage pump: That is, there are two or more impellers on the pump shaft. At this time, the total head of the pump is the sum of the heads generated by n impellers.


3) Classified by working pressure

① Low pressure pump: water pressure below 100 meters;

② Medium pressure pump: the pressure is between 100 and 650 meters of water column;

③ High pressure pump: the pressure is higher than 650 meters of water column. (Multi-stage centrifugal pump can reach 2800m)


4) Classified by impeller water

① Unilateral water inlet pump: also called single suction pump, that is, there is only one water inlet on the impeller;

② Double-side water inlet pump: also called double suction pump, that is, there is a water inlet on both sides of the impeller. Its flow rate is double that of the single-suction pump, which can be approximated as two single-suction pump impellers put back to back together.


5) Classification by pump casing joint seam form

① Horizontal split-open pump: that is, there is a joint seam on the horizontal plane passing through the axis line. (The most common horizontal split pump is a double suction pump)

② Vertical joint surface pump: the joint surface is perpendicular to the axis line.


6) Sort by pump shaft position

① Horizontal pump: The pump shaft is in a horizontal position.

② Vertical pump: The pump shaft is in a vertical position.


7) Classification according to the way the water from the impeller is directed to the extrusion chamber

① Volute pump: After the water comes out of the impeller, it directly enters the pump casing with a spiral shape.

② Guide vane pump: after the water comes out of the impeller, it enters the guide vane outside it, and then enters the next stage or flows into the outlet pipe. (Commonly used in multi-stage pumps and axial flow pumps)